Golden visas trade capital for the right to live in a country, and often for a fast track toward permanent residence or citizenship. Investment thresholds run from a few hundred thousand to several million, depending on the country and route, and the qualifying assets vary — property, funds, business creation, or donations.
The category is volatile: Portugal removed real-estate from its golden visa in 2023, Spain ended its program in 2025, and others are under pressure over housing and security concerns. Several remain attractive, but availability changes quickly.
Why it matters for your move
For people with capital who want speed and flexibility, a golden visa can shortcut years of qualifying — but because programs open and close fast, it's the kind of route to confirm is still live before building a plan on it.